【英語世界】活用比喻手法 詞句觸動人心
語文運用,不時用到不同的修辭法,其中一種是比喻,中文有快如閃電、美若天仙等,用了如、若等字眼作出直接、明顯的比喻,叫做明喻,英文亦然,simile,即是明喻,用上as或like把要描述的概念與另一種東西作比較,語氣強化了,描寫亦生動了,一些比喻用多了便成為日常用語,當中一些頗為有趣。
慢slow,形容動作緩慢,速度很慢,最容易聯想到的比喻是(as) slow as a snail(慢如蝸牛)或者 (as) slow as a tortoise/turtle(如烏龜/海龜般慢)。不過除了動物,也可以考慮以物質作比喻,(as) slow as molasses,糖蜜molasses是將甘蔗或甜菜等原材料提煉成白糖後餘下的產品,是棕黑色的黏稠液體,很黏、很稠、流動很慢的糖蜜molasses,比喻行動非常緩慢。
由於流動速度極慢,as slow as molasses比喻做事或進展很緩慢,令人不耐煩。誇張一點,甚至會說 as slow as molasses in January(如1月的糖蜜般慢),1月是北半球最冷的月份,溫度低的情況下,糖蜜更加黏稠,流動就更慢了。
The new secretary is as slow as molasses. She is not very helpful.
新來的秘書做事慢條斯理,幫不了忙。
Something is wrong with the network. The system is now slow as molasses.
網絡一定出了問題,系統現在呆滯得很。
The service of the restaurant was as slow as molasses in January. Customers always complain.
這間餐廳的服務慢吞吞的,常被顧客投訴。
天氣寒冷時,最好是裹在毯子裏,感到溫暖舒服,要形容這種舒適的感覺不容易,可以用這個比喻(as) snug as a bug in a rug(像毛毯裏的蟲子一般溫暖舒適),snug是形容詞,是溫暖、舒適的意思,bug 是蟲子,小昆蟲,rug 是毛毯、厚毯子。這用語早期指的可能是寄生在毛毯中的衣蛾,但不管是什麼昆蟲,躲在毯子裏,就是安全、愜意。說as snug as a bug in a rug意思是像小蟲裹在毯子一般溫暖舒服,有時可以簡化成as snug as a bug。
Outside the temperature fell below zero. I stayed in my cosy hotel room, feeling snug as a bug in a rug.
外面的氣溫降至零度以下。我窩在愜意的酒店房間裏,像毛毯裏的蟲子一般溫暖舒服。
The baby was as snug as a bug, sleeping comfortably in his cot.
那嬰兒舒服地睡在嬰兒床裏,像毛毯裏的蟲子一般安穩。
The two sisters used to wrap themselves in blankets, snug as a bug in a rug, and watched TV together.
那姊妹倆常常一起卷在毯子裏看電視,像毛毯裏的蟲子一般舒適愜意。
密切如匪幫 意為互相信任
除了形容行動和感覺的比喻外,一些比喻也用來形容人與人的關係。說一些人關係密切,可以幽默的說(as) thick as thieves(密切如匪幫)。這裏thick指的不是厚,而是親密、密切;thieves是賊人、小偷。賊子多時聯群結黨,聚在一起密謀非法勾當,談論不可告人的秘密,而且還有一套別人未必明白的暗語,所以同夥的賊人關係密切,彼此間沒有秘密。
說兩個人as thick as thieves,即是說他們非常友好,經常一起,可以互相信任,分享秘密;負面一點的意思,就是令人覺得他們隱藏秘密或在盤算一些計劃。
The two girls were thick as thieves when they were young. They studied, played and did almost everything together.
那兩個女孩年幼時很親密,一起讀書,一起玩耍,幾乎什麼都一起做。
The pair has played in different competitions for many years. They should be as thick as thieves.
這對雙打拍檔多年來參加了不同賽事,合作無間,彼此信任。
These politicians seem recently to be as thick as thieves. Who knows what they are up to?
這些政客近日過從甚密,不知道他們在密謀些什麼?
這些有趣的比喻已成了慣用語,不難明白。假如要有創意,自創比喻,就必須確保借喻的事物適當,以免令人誤解。
● Lina CHU [ linachu88@gmail.com ]